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使用 ICA 与 PCA 降维技术分析诱发响应

本示例对诱发数据或分段数据计算 PCA 与 ICA。随后用 PCA/ICA 成分（即空间滤波器）把通道数据变换为新的源/虚拟通道，并在所有分段的平均结果上可视化输出。

# Authors: Jean-Rémi King <jeanremi.king@gmail.com>
#          Asish Panda <asishrocks95@gmail.com>
#
# License: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA, FastICA

import mne
from mne.datasets import sample
from mne.decoding import UnsupervisedSpatialFilter

print(__doc__)

# Preprocess data
data_path = sample.data_path()

# Load and filter data, set up epochs
meg_path = data_path / "MEG" / "sample"
raw_fname = meg_path / "sample_audvis_filt-0-40_raw.fif"
event_fname = meg_path / "sample_audvis_filt-0-40_raw-eve.fif"
tmin, tmax = -0.1, 0.3
event_id = dict(aud_l=1, aud_r=2, vis_l=3, vis_r=4)

raw = mne.io.read_raw_fif(raw_fname, preload=True)
raw.filter(1, 20, fir_design="firwin")
events = mne.read_events(event_fname)

picks = mne.pick_types(
    raw.info, meg=False, eeg=True, stim=False, eog=False, exclude="bads"
)

epochs = mne.Epochs(
    raw,
    events,
    event_id,
    tmin,
    tmax,
    proj=False,
    picks=picks,
    baseline=None,
    preload=True,
    verbose=False,
)

X = epochs.get_data(copy=False)

Opening raw data file /home/circleci/mne_data/MNE-sample-data/MEG/sample/sample_audvis_filt-0-40_raw.fif...
    Read a total of 4 projection items:
        PCA-v1 (1 x 102)  idle
        PCA-v2 (1 x 102)  idle
        PCA-v3 (1 x 102)  idle
        Average EEG reference (1 x 60)  idle
    Range : 6450 ... 48149 =     42.956 ...   320.665 secs
Ready.
Reading 0 ... 41699  =      0.000 ...   277.709 secs...
Filtering raw data in 1 contiguous segment
Setting up band-pass filter from 1 - 20 Hz

FIR filter parameters
---------------------
Designing a one-pass, zero-phase, non-causal bandpass filter:
- Windowed time-domain design (firwin) method
- Hamming window with 0.0194 passband ripple and 53 dB stopband attenuation
- Lower passband edge: 1.00
- Lower transition bandwidth: 1.00 Hz (-6 dB cutoff frequency: 0.50 Hz)
- Upper passband edge: 20.00 Hz
- Upper transition bandwidth: 5.00 Hz (-6 dB cutoff frequency: 22.50 Hz)
- Filter length: 497 samples (3.310 s)

用以诱发响应平均值计算的 PCA 变换数据

pca = UnsupervisedSpatialFilter(PCA(30, random_state=193), average=False)
pca_data = pca.fit_transform(X)
ev = mne.EvokedArray(
    np.mean(pca_data, axis=0),
    mne.create_info(30, epochs.info["sfreq"], ch_types="eeg"),
    tmin=tmin,
)
ev.plot(show=False, window_title="PCA", time_unit="s")

用以原始分段（未平均）计算的 ICA 变换数据

ica = UnsupervisedSpatialFilter(
    FastICA(30, whiten="unit-variance", random_state=197), average=False
)
ica_data = ica.fit_transform(X)
ev1 = mne.EvokedArray(
    np.mean(ica_data, axis=0),
    mne.create_info(30, epochs.info["sfreq"], ch_types="eeg"),
    tmin=tmin,
)
ev1.plot(show=False, window_title="ICA", time_unit="s")

plt.show()